Can you work as a real estate broker virtually or online?

Brokers can operate through virtual or cloud-based brokerages, which typically have lower overhead costs and may offer higher commission splits than traditional brokerages. However, brokers engaging in business in California must maintain a California business address, and if they do not, they must file an Out-of-State Broker Acknowledgement (RE 235). Salespersons conducting business in California must be licensed with a California broker. In a virtual model, supervision, training, and mentorship must be handled intentionally since there is no physical office environment.

Sources: CA DRE — Salesperson Requirements; CA DRE — Salesperson Exam & License.

Real estate brokers can work through virtual or cloud-based brokerages that sponsor agents without a physical office location. These brokerages typically offer higher commission splits and lower overhead fees compared to traditional franchise brokerages, though in-person mentorship may be limited. In 2024, 54% of real estate brokers were self-employed, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Brokers must still hold a valid license in the jurisdiction where they conduct business and comply with that jurisdiction's real estate regulations.

Sources: DC DLCP — Real Estate Commission; DCREC — Approved Pre-License Courses (2023–2025).

Virtual brokerages operate in Florida and allow brokers and agents to work remotely without a physical office. Cloud-based brokerages such as eXp Realty, with 86,000-plus agents, and Real Brokerage, with 36,000-plus agents, sponsor agents nationwide with lower overhead and competitive commission splits. These brokerages typically do not charge franchise fees or desk fees, though the state licensing exam must still be taken at a physical Pearson VUE test center. Brokers in Florida are licensed to manage their own businesses and may adopt a virtual brokerage model.

Sources: FL DBPR — FREC Education; FL DBPR — RE Education Requirements.

Yes, Illinois permits virtual offices for real estate brokerage. The Real Estate License Act defines a "Virtual Office" as an office from which real estate brokerage services are provided without a dedicated office space or fixed physical location, under the supervision of a designated managing broker. The sponsoring broker must maintain a registry of sponsored licensees, which may be hosted on a virtual office website or digital platform. The licensing exam is also available via remote proctoring through PSI.

Sources: IDFPR – Real Estate Broker 75-Hour Pre-License Curriculum (Official Document); Illinois Administrative Code – IDFPR Broker License Requirements (ilga.gov).

Indiana requires brokers to affiliate with a managing broker to hold an active license but does not restrict whether that brokerage operates from a physical office or virtually. Virtual and cloud-based brokerages operate in Indiana and typically offer higher commission splits and lower overhead costs, though they may provide less in-person mentorship than traditional brick-and-mortar firms. The license activation process is the same regardless of brokerage type: the proposed employer must approve the affiliation request through the state's MyLicense One system before the license can be issued in Active or Referral status.

Sources: Indiana PLA — Real Estate Licensing Information; Pearson VUE — Indiana Real Estate Candidate Handbook (March 2025).

Iowa resident real estate firms and sole proprietors must maintain an office for the transaction of business within the state. Nonresident Iowa real estate brokers or firms are not required to maintain a physical place of business in Iowa, provided they maintain an active place of business in their state of domicile under Iowa Code section 543B.22. Salespersons must be assigned to a licensed broker or firm and cannot conduct business independently.

Sources: Iowa DIAL — Real Estate Salesperson and Brokers License by Exam; Iowa DIAL — PSI Licensing Information Bulletin (Iowa Real Estate Commission).

Virtual and cloud-based brokerages operate in the real estate industry, allowing agents to work without a physical office. These brokerages typically offer lower overhead costs and flexible work environments, though in-person mentorship may be limited compared to traditional offices. In Maryland, a salesperson license allows an individual to provide brokerage services when affiliated with and working under the authority of a licensed broker, regardless of whether that brokerage operates from a physical office or virtually.

Sources: MD MREC — Taking the Exam (Real Estate Exam Info); MREC — Licensing FAQs.

Massachusetts does not prohibit brokerages from operating virtually. A real estate broker is licensed to manage their own business and supervise salespersons, and brokerages in Massachusetts include traditional franchise offices, boutique firms, and virtual or cloud-based operations. Virtual brokerages typically offer lower overhead and higher commission splits, though they may provide less in-person mentorship. A broker must still hold a $5,000 surety bond, maintain an active license, and supervise any transactions conducted by affiliated salespersons.

Sources: Mass.gov — RE License Exam Guide.

Michigan requires individual brokers and broker companies to maintain a physical place of business in the state. Salespersons and associate brokers may list out-of-state addresses but must submit a Consent to Service of Process form. Several virtual brokerages operate nationally and accept agents in Michigan, offering remote work flexibility and lower overhead, though the broker company sponsoring the agent must still maintain a Michigan physical address.

Sources: MI LARA BPL — Real Estate Individual Broker Licensing Guide; MI LARA BPL — Real Estate Salesperson Licensing Guide.

Cloud-based and virtual brokerages offer agents the ability to work remotely, and real estate salespersons operate as independent contractors who can determine when, where, and how they work. Missouri is classified as a turf state, meaning out-of-state licensees cannot conduct real estate transactions in Missouri without a Missouri license. A Missouri-licensed broker must still hold an active license and supervise any salespersons under them, whether the brokerage operates from a physical office or virtually.

Sources: MO Prof. Registration — RE How-To; MO RE Commission — Application PDF.

Online and virtual brokerages that operate without physical locations are available in the real estate industry, offering agents lower overhead costs and potentially higher commission splits. New Jersey allows remote instruction for licensing courses on a permanent basis, provided the courses are live instructor-led or hold ARELLO Distance Education Certification. Some New Jersey-licensed brokerages operate through online networks, allowing agents to maintain active licenses without traditional office infrastructure.

Sources: NJ DOBI — Requirements for Licensure as a NJ Real Estate Salesperson or Broker; NJ DOBI — Real Estate Licensing and Education Hub.

Virtual brokerages such as eXp Realty, which operates in all 50 states including Ohio, allow real estate agents and brokers to work remotely through online platforms. These brokerages typically offer higher commission splits and lower overhead costs than traditional firms but may provide less in-person mentorship and networking compared to physical offices.

Sources: Ohio REPL — Broker License Requirements; Ohio DOC — Real Estate FAQ.

Oklahoma distinguishes between resident and non-resident licenses based on whether the brokerage has a physical office in the state. A non-resident license applies when the licensee works under a brokerage that does not have a physical Oklahoma office, and all out-of-state applicants must designate an Oklahoma resident as their registered agent. The licensee must still meet all Oklahoma licensing, continuing education, and exam requirements. Pearson VUE also offers remote proctoring for the licensing exam itself, so candidates can test from a remote location.

Sources: OREC — Licensing & Exam FAQs; OREC — Obtain a License.

South Carolina requires licensees to provide a physical office address; PO Boxes and UPS stores are not acceptable. The SC Real Estate Commission conducts office inspections on a three-year cycle, and a Broker-in-Charge must be available to the public during business hours and notify the Commission within 10 days of any change of office name, address, email, or telephone number. These requirements mean that while much of real estate practice can be conducted online, a physical office presence is required for licensure.

Sources: SC LLR — Real Estate FAQ.

Texas rules permit a sales agent to work from a different office location than the sponsoring broker, provided the broker remains responsible for the agent's actions under TRELA section 1101.803 and TREC Rule 535.2(a). Some brokerages operate entirely online with no physical office, offering lower overhead costs and digital tools in place of a traditional office. A broker who sponsors agents remotely remains responsible for supervision and compliance regardless of the working arrangement.

Sources: TREC Fee Schedule Effective December 15, 2025; TREC — Become a Sales Agent.

Every Vermont licensee must be associated with a single registered brokerage firm and work under the supervision of a principal broker or broker in charge. The administrative rules do not prohibit a broker from working remotely, and virtual brokerages operate without physical offices by using technology platforms. A licensee from another jurisdiction may observe but not perform brokerage services in Vermont, reflecting the state's "physical location" portability classification, which permits out-of-state agents to assist clients only remotely.

Sources: Vermont OPR — RE Broker & Salesperson Administrative Rules (PDF); Vermont Statutes — 26 V.S.A. Chapter 41 (Real Estate).

Virtual brokerages operate with lower overhead and pass savings to agents through higher commission splits and lower fees compared to traditional franchise brokerages. In Wisconsin, a broker engaging in independent practice must file Form 3193 (Notice of Broker Engaging in Independent Practice), and all licensees must be associated with a firm through Form 812. Brokers can work through virtual brokerage models that offer remote work arrangements while maintaining the required legal structure and supervision.

Sources: WI DSPS — Real Estate Salesperson; WI DSPS — Real Estate Broker.